Bovine Trichomoniasis: A covert danger to the effectiveness of reproduction

Trichomoniasis is a sexually transmitted illness that affects cattle. Trichomoniasis is caused by the flagellated trichomonad protozoan Tritrichomonas foetus. Cattle can contract Tritrichomonas foetus through cow-to-bull or bull-to-cow routes. When Tritrichomonas foetus interacts with host epithelial cells, a number of proteases are activated, which causes the epithelial cells to die. After three to twenty-two months of incubation, heifers exhibit clinical signs such as vaginitis, endometritis, and edema of the vulva, perivaginal tissue, and uterine wall. Convalescent and acquired immune responses to Tritrichomonas foetus infection show the host’s ability to mount innate responses both locally and systemically. Reducing the herd’s exposure to other cattle and keeping open cows out of the herd are good prophylactic methods.