Indian Veterinary Magazine (ISSN:3108-1398)

Sterility in milking animals is a major concern for dairy farmers as it directly affects milk production, profitability, and overall herd health. Infertility and sterility not only reduce the number of productive animals but also increase economic losses due to higher veterinary costs, prolonged calving intervals, and reduced genetic progress. Several factors contribute to sterility, including poor nutrition, infectious diseases, hormonal imbalances, environmental stress, and faulty management practices. In addition, genetic defects and age-related degeneration can also play a role. Early diagnosis and timely intervention are critical to preventing permanent damage to reproductive capacity. Proper management practices such as balanced feeding, disease prevention, stress reduction, and adoption of assisted reproductive technologies can significantly reduce the incidence of sterility. This article highlights the common causes of sterility in milking animals and discusses effective management strategies to maintain reproductive efficiency and improve farm productivity.